环境水样中痕量铜的浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱测定法

目的建立环境水样中痕量铜的浊点萃取(cloud point extraction,CPE)-火焰原子吸收光谱(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)测定法。方法样品在p H 9.5的条件下,加入0.4 ml的1 mmol/L 2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基酚(5-Br-PADAP)溶液,0.1%氯化钙溶液0.1 ml,5%(W/V)Triton X-114溶液0.8 ml,40℃加热15 min后离心,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果在2~240μg/L的线性范围内,所得回归方程为A=0.002 7c+0.024 6,r=0.995 8。以3倍信噪比计算,方法的检出限为0.62μg/L,富集倍数为36.58倍,平均加标回收率为96.28%~98.08%,RSD为1.67%~3.13%。结论该方法简单、灵敏,具有良好的重现性,适用于环境水样中痕量铜的测定。     

Automating the generation of lexical patterns for processing free text in clinical documents

Objective Many tasks in natural language processing utilize lexical pattern-matching techniques, including information extraction (IE), negation identification, and syntactic parsing. However, it is generally difficult to derive patterns that achieve acceptable levels of recall while also remaining highly precise.Materials and Methods We present a multiple sequence alignment (MSA)-based technique that automatically generates patterns, thereby leveraging language usage to determine the context of words that influence a given target. MSAs capture the commonalities among word sequences and are able to reveal areas of linguistic stability and variation. In this way, MSAs provide a systemic approach to generating lexical patterns that are generalizable, which will both increase recall levels and maintain high levels of precision.Results The MSA-generated patterns exhibited consistent F1-, F.5-, and F2- scores compared to two baseline techniques for IE across four different tasks. Both baseline techniques performed well for some tasks and less well for others, but MSA was found to consistently perform at a high level for all four tasks.Discussion The performance of MSA on the four extraction tasks indicates the method’s versatility. The results show that the MSA-based patterns are able to handle the extraction of individual data elements as well as relations between two concepts without the need for large amounts of manual intervention.Conclusion We presented an MSA-based framework for generating lexical patterns that showed consistently high levels of both performance and recall over four different extraction tasks when compared to baseline methods.     

两例 SMILE 术中特殊情况更改 SBK 手术的疗效观察

目的：通过对同一患者双眼不同手术方式的自身对比，了解飞秒扫描后改SBK手术的疗效差异，为不同患者屈光手术方式的选择提供临床指导依据。方法回顾分析2例右眼行飞秒激光小切口透镜取出术（ SMILE），左眼SMILE术中负压环脱失和激光扫描不良透镜分离困难而改行机械刀制瓣准分子激光手术（ SBK）的患者，比较术后视力、等效球镜（ SE）、对比敏感度（ CSF）、波前像差（ HAOS）以及泪膜破裂时间（ BUT）、泪液分泌功能试验（ Schimer I）和SPEED、OSDI干眼症状问卷调查分析差异。结果（1）术后个月，均能达到最佳矫正视力（BSCVA），等效球镜均在±0．75 D以内，双眼比较无显著性差异。（2）CSF的比较，左右眼无显著性差异，略低于正常水平。（3）术后3个月，BUT和Schimer检查中，双眼无显著性差异。（4）HAOS比较中，总像差RMS和高阶像差这两项， SMILE眼低于SBK眼；球差（S）的比较，SMILE眼高于SBK眼。（5）SPEED和OSDI问卷评分双眼无显著差异。结论 SMILE失败眼改SBK后视觉质量与SMILE眼无显著差异，其视觉质量、疗效不受影响。     

Different clinical features between patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer

ObjectiveTo compare the baseline clinical characteristics between patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the correlations of these subtypes with the distribution of metastases.MethodsWe compared the clinical characteristics and imaging features of patients with ROS1-positive and ALK-positive NSCLC using statistical methods.ResultsData for 232 patients were analyzed. Compared with ALK-positive NSCLC, ROS1-positive NSCLC was more likely to occur in women (71% vs 53%), and primary lesions ≤3 cm were more common in patients with ROS1-positive compared with ALK-positive NSCLC (58% vs 37%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of metastases between the two groups. Subgroup analysis within the ROS1-positive group showed that, compared with primary lesions >3 cm, primary lesions ≤3 cm were more likely to present as peripheral tumors (72% vs 43%) and more likely to exhibit non-solid density (44% vs 4%).ConclusionsAlthough ROS1-positive and ALK-positive NSCLCs show similar clinical features, the differences may help clinicians to identify patients requiring further genotyping at initial diagnosis.     

3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的制备及其对HeLa细胞的抗增殖活性研究

目的 制备高纯度3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸，并评价其对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的抗增殖活性。方法 采用柱色谱提取法和中压液相色谱法从奇蒿花中分离、纯化得到高纯度的3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸。采用MTT法评价该化合物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的体外抗增殖活性。结果 柱色谱提取的提取率和中压液相色谱法的回收率分别为99.0%，61.2%，总回收率为54.0%。随着3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸浓度升高，HeLa细胞存活率下降，细胞形态损伤增加，受试药物的IC₅₀值为26.5µg·mL^-1。结论 本研究提供了一种简单、高效、节能的3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸制备方法。3，5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸对HeLa细胞具有一定的体外抗增殖活性。     

GC/MS-screening analyses of valuable products in the aqueous phase from microwave-assisted hydrothermal processing of Lemna minor

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment of Lemna minor plant material was studied under subcritical conditions. The water phases of this process were extracted with polar and nonpolar solvents and the extracts were investigated by GC/MS screening analyses for value added products. The polar extracts were dominated by compounds known as flavouring agents and partly as platform chemicals, e.g. hydroxyacetone, 1-hydroxybutan-2-one, furfural, cyclotene and pyrrolidone. Pyridinol, an important educt for heterocyclic chemistry, was another interesting product. Benzaldehyde and oleamide were detected as main products in nonpolar n-hexane extracts. An essential aspect is that a large proportion of compounds like aldehyds and ketones were obtained when mild hydrothermal processing was applied.     

Synthetic polymeric barrier membrane associated with blood coagulum,human allograft,or bovine bone substitute for ridge preservation: a randomized,controlled, clinical and histological trial

During the normal healing process, an extraction site may lose significant bone volume, making implant placement problematic. Quantitative evaluations of the amount of bone maintained by socket preservation with various materials are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate, both clinically and histologically, the extent of alveolar bone preservation by blood coagulum (BC) and the potential additional benefits of bone allograft material (AL) versus the state-of-the-art bovine bone mineral (BB), covered by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) barrier, in extraction socket grafting procedures. Adult patients (n = 32) with single-rooted teeth indicated for extraction were treated (45 sites). After atraumatic extraction, the sockets were filled with BC, AL, or BB and covered with a synthetic PEG barrier membrane. Changes in bone height and width were measured clinically and the amount of bone formed and residual graft particles were measured histologically after 6 months. Changes in ridge width at 6 months were ?1.5 mm for AL versus ?2.5 mm for BB and ?2.3 mm for BC. New bone formation amounted to 47.8%, 33.3%, and 28.2% at BC-, AL-, and BB-treated sites, respectively. Using AL with the PEG barrier preserved the ridge width at 6 months better than BB or BC and resulted in similar amounts of bone histologically to BB.     

荷叶标准汤剂质量评价方法的建立

中药饮片标准汤剂的质量评价方法是中药配方颗粒和经典名方中药复方制剂(汤剂)质量评价的基础。该研究建立荷叶的槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸的含量测定方法,建立荷叶标准汤剂的质量评价方法,为荷叶及其汤剂的质量控制提供参考。收集有代表性的荷叶15批制备标准汤剂,计算出膏率、指标成分转移率和溶液pH等参数,采用HPLC建立荷叶及标准汤剂中槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸的含量测定方法。荷叶标准汤剂中槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸的质量浓度为1.09~3.06 g·L-1,而荷叶碱的质量浓度为0.01~0.17 g·L-1。荷叶标准汤剂平均出膏率为(14.4±2.6)%,槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸的平均转移率为(70.7±18.6)%,荷叶碱的平均转移率为(9.6±5.4)%。与荷叶碱相比,槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸在荷叶标准汤剂中含量高、转移率稳定,建议作为荷叶标准汤剂的质量控制标志物。该文建立了荷叶标准汤剂的质量评价方法,为所有源于荷叶水煎液的制剂的质量控制方法的制定提供参考。     

Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications

Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.